Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. The effects of these events can linger and deeply affect a person's life.
There is hope in healing, and one recognised path to recovery is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. This article explains what PTSD is, how EMDR works, and what to expect if you are considering it.
If you are in crisis
Call or text 9-8-8 (Suicide Crisis Helpline, 24 hours). If you or someone else is in immediate danger, call 911. In BC you can also call 1-800-784-2433 (1-800-SUICIDE) any time, or 310-6789 (no area code) for mental health support. The Healing Oak is not an emergency service.
Understanding PTSD
PTSD emerges after exposure to a traumatic event. Such events can range from one-time occurrences like accidents or natural disasters to prolonged ordeals such as war or abuse. Understanding PTSD is an important step in recognising its impact and the path to healing.
The nature of trauma
- Definition of trauma: Trauma is a response to a deeply distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms a person's ability to cope. It can cause feelings of helplessness, diminish their sense of self, and make it harder to feel a full range of emotions and experiences.
- Types of traumatic events: These include, but are not limited to, military combat, physical or sexual assault, accidents, natural disasters, or witnessing a traumatic event.
Symptoms and diagnosis
- Symptom clusters: PTSD symptoms are generally grouped into four categories: re-experiencing (flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance (steering clear of reminders of the trauma), arousal and reactivity (being easily startled, feeling tense), and cognition and mood symptoms (memory problems, negative thoughts about oneself or the world, feelings of guilt or blame).
- Diagnosis criteria: According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), for a diagnosis of PTSD, symptoms must last for more than a month and be severe enough to interfere with relationships or work.
PTSD in different populations
- Variability across individuals: PTSD shows up differently in different people. Some develop symptoms right after the trauma, while others notice them months or even years later.
- Special considerations for specific groups: Certain populations, like veterans, children, and people who have experienced domestic abuse, may have experiences and symptoms related to their specific circumstances.
Understanding PTSD in its full complexity matters for both the people experiencing it and their loved ones. It goes beyond the initial trauma and can affect mental health, physical health and quality of life. Recognising the signs and symptoms is the first step towards seeking help.
What is EMDR therapy?
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a distinct, research-backed psychotherapy approach designed to ease the distress associated with traumatic memories.
Developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro in 1987, EMDR is recognised as a treatment for PTSD by organisations such as the American Psychological Association and the World Health Organization.
Core principles of EMDR
- Adaptive Information Processing model: EMDR is based on the Adaptive Information Processing model, which proposes that many mental health problems arise from unprocessed memories of traumatic or distressing events. EMDR therapy aims to help process these memories so trauma-related symptoms ease.
- Bilateral stimulation: An essential element of EMDR is bilateral stimulation, usually guided eye movements similar to the natural eye movements during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. This stimulation is thought to help the brain process and integrate traumatic memories.
How EMDR works
- Processing traumatic memories: EMDR therapy helps the brain reprocess stuck memories of traumatic events, so they can be understood within the larger context of a person's life.
- Desensitization and reprocessing: The process first reduces the emotional impact of the memory, then helps link the memory with more helpful beliefs and emotions.
EMDR therapy sessions
- Structure of sessions: Session durations vary. During processing, the therapist may move their fingers back and forth in front of you and ask you to follow with your eyes, or use taps or tones instead, while you briefly recall a disturbing event. Over time, its emotional impact can lessen.
- Phases of treatment: EMDR therapy includes eight phases, starting with history-taking and treatment planning, moving through the processing of traumatic memories, and ending with closure.
Theoretical underpinnings
- Neurobiological basis: The exact mechanism of how EMDR works is still under study. It is hypothesised that the bilateral stimulation in EMDR may mimic the state of REM sleep, which is involved in processing emotional experiences.
- Psychological perspective: From a psychological standpoint, EMDR supports a relearning process, where traumatic memories become linked with more adaptive, realistic thoughts and beliefs.
Effectiveness and recognition
- Clinical trials and research: Many clinical trials have studied EMDR for PTSD and found it can reduce symptoms for many people.
- Global recognition: The World Health Organization and the American Psychological Association include EMDR among recommended treatments for PTSD.
EMDR offers a practical, evidence-based option for people living with the effects of trauma. Its approach to processing and integrating traumatic memories offers hope for a more resilient future.
The EMDR therapy process
EMDR therapy follows eight phases, starting with history-taking and ending with closure. During sessions, you focus on a traumatic memory while engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as side-to-side eye movements.
This process is thought to work by "unfreezing" the brain's information processing system, which can be interrupted during extreme stress.
Benefits of EMDR for PTSD
Many studies have looked at EMDR for PTSD. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology found that EMDR was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms.
People often report that their traumatic memories feel less vivid and less emotional. Unlike some other forms of therapy, EMDR does not involve detailed descriptions of the event, direct challenging of beliefs, or extended exposure to the memory, which many people prefer.
Who can benefit from EMDR?
EMDR therapy is suitable for many people who have experienced trauma and have PTSD. It can suit those who find it difficult to talk about their traumatic experiences.
It may not be recommended for people with certain mental health conditions, such as psychosis or severe dissociative disorders. A thorough assessment by a trained therapist is important before beginning EMDR.
Challenges and considerations
EMDR therapy can be emotionally intense. Some people notice a heightened awareness of their traumatic memories, which can feel overwhelming.
It helps to have a support system and to communicate openly with your therapist about your experiences during sessions.
Finding an EMDR therapist
Look for a licensed mental health professional with specific training in EMDR therapy. You can browse our practitioners, and organisations like EMDR Canada provide directories of EMDR therapists.
At The Healing Oak, you can book EMDR therapy in Abbotsford or Chilliwack without a referral.
Ready to take the next step?
You can book directly with either clinic. No referral is needed. Session durations vary, and how long EMDR takes depends on your history and goals. Direct billing depends on the practitioner, so check their profile or ask when you book.
| Clinic | Address | Phone |
|---|---|---|
| The Healing Oak Chilliwack | #101-7408 Vedder Road, Chilliwack, BC V2R 4E6 | (604) 846-2999 |
| The Healing Oak Abbotsford | #111, 2632 Pauline Street, Abbotsford, BC V2S 0C9 | (604) 850-9097 |
This article is general information, not medical or psychological advice. For advice about your situation, talk to a qualified practitioner.
Resources
- Shapiro, F. (1989). Efficacy of the Eye Movement Desensitization Procedure in the Treatment of Traumatic Memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223
- Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: a meta-analytic study.
